NATO freezes a Cold War-era security pact after Russia pulls out, raising questions on arms control

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1987 AP

FILE - U.S. President Ronald Reagan, right, and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev exchange pens at a signing ceremony of the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in the White House East Room in Washington, D.C., on Dec. 8, 1987. Both countries pulled out of the treaty in 2019, blaming each other for violations. On Tuesday, Nov. 7, 2023, Russia pulled out of the Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and NATO member countries froze their participation in the pact, which was aimed at preventing the massing forces at or near their mutual borders, raising fresh questions about the future of arms control agreements in Europe. (AP Photo/Bob Daugherty, File)