Kerrville extends disaster declaration after widespread flood damage
Read full article: Kerrville extends disaster declaration after widespread flood damageThe Kerrville City Council voted Wednesday to extend its disaster declaration as crews continue responding to major flood damage across the city and Kerr County.
Boerne horse ranch seeks volunteers after flood causes up to $1 million in damage
Read full article: Boerne horse ranch seeks volunteers after flood causes up to $1 million in damageCorrival Ranch in Boerne suffered up to $1 million in damage after sudden flooding from Sister Creek left buildings submerged and equipment ruined.
City of Kerrville issues public notice for sanitary sewer overflow in downtown area
Read full article: City of Kerrville issues public notice for sanitary sewer overflow in downtown areaThe City of Kerrville issued a public notice Tuesday about a sanitary sewer overflow in an area south of downtown.
Last year’s Hill Country floods traumatized Texas first responders. Then the skies opened again.
Read full article: Last year’s Hill Country floods traumatized Texas first responders. Then the skies opened again.“We were all thinking to ourselves, this is déjà vu. Is it really happening, and can I deal with it?” a Center Point Volunteer Fire Department chaplain said.
Texas Hill Country floods test new warning systems after last year’s deadly disaster
Read full article: Texas Hill Country floods test new warning systems after last year’s deadly disasterOfficials in Texas have implemented major changes to improve flood warnings after last year's deadly floods in Hill Country.
Kerr County residents begin cleanup after new round of flooding revives painful memories
Read full article: Kerr County residents begin cleanup after new round of flooding revives painful memoriesResidents across Kerr County spent their Friday cleaning up after another round of flooding swept through the area, bringing renewed anxiety to communities still recovering from last year’s deadly Fourth of July floods.
Mandatory evacuation issued for parts of Comal County along Guadalupe River due to flooding
Read full article: Mandatory evacuation issued for parts of Comal County along Guadalupe River due to floodingA mandatory evacuation was issued Thursday for parts of Comal County along the Guadalupe River, according to a county news release.
As flooded Texas towns recover, downstream river levels haven’t yet peaked
Read full article: As flooded Texas towns recover, downstream river levels haven’t yet peakedWhile Gov. Greg Abbott declared “the worst of the rain is behind us,” he cautioned that rivers in the hardest-hit counties still pose a danger.
Resources, emergency shelters available for people affected by flooding in South Texas
Read full article: Resources, emergency shelters available for people affected by flooding in South TexasMore than 1,300 first responders were deployed and at least 75 people were rescued amid devastating floods in Texas, according to Gov. Greg Abbott.
At least 1 person has died as Texas flooding forces evacuations and rescues, governor says
Read full article: At least 1 person has died as Texas flooding forces evacuations and rescues, governor saysAuthorities in Texas have rescued hundreds of stranded drivers and people trapped in homes and at least two people have died due to catastrophic flooding.
LIVE COVERAGE: Severe storms tear through multiple South Texas counties, prompting road closures
Read full article: LIVE COVERAGE: Severe storms tear through multiple South Texas counties, prompting road closuresKSAT has crews in the Hill Country and Bexar County as severe weather continues to affect South Central Texas.
2 deaths confirmed as flooding hits South Texas; Rescues, evacuations continue
Read full article: 2 deaths confirmed as flooding hits South Texas; Rescues, evacuations continueAt least two people died in South Central Texas as floodwaters once again inundated parts of the area Thursday — prompting water rescues, evacuations and widespread road closures as emergency crews respond to another dangerous flooding event along the Guadalupe River.
A year after Hill Country floods, owners of destroyed Hunt Store have three-phase restoration plan
Read full article: A year after Hill Country floods, owners of destroyed Hunt Store have three-phase restoration planThe Hunt Store was a central piece of the community before the devastating flood last year, and the owners promise it will be again.
Property manager, who saved dozens during July 4 floods, proud to be open for visitors 1 year later
Read full article: Property manager, who saved dozens during July 4 floods, proud to be open for visitors 1 year laterOn July 4, 2025, rental property manager Eddie Matthews evacuated approximately 75 people from two different properties in Ingram. One year later, he's opening up about recovering after a crisis.
Hunt flood survivor who lost home, neighbors on July 4 says she is taking her time with recovery
Read full article: Hunt flood survivor who lost home, neighbors on July 4 says she is taking her time with recoveryAs the one-year mark of the deadly Hill Country floods nears, Pam Nelson Harte showed progress on her property and opened up about the slow recovery.
River Inn rebuild continues one year after deadly Hill Country floods
Read full article: River Inn rebuild continues one year after deadly Hill Country floodsA year after deadly floodwaters tore through the historic River Inn and Conference Center in Hunt, signs of recovery are finally beginning to emerge along the banks of the Guadalupe River.
One year after deadly Hill Country flood: Where recovery, investigations and Camp Mystic stand
Read full article: One year after deadly Hill Country flood: Where recovery, investigations and Camp Mystic standOne year after the devastating Hill Country flood that claimed more than 130 lives, Kerr County is preparing to remember the victims while continuing to rebuild and push for changes aimed at preventing another tragedy.
West Kerr County pushes training on new emergency warning systems
Read full article: West Kerr County pushes training on new emergency warning systemsCommunity leaders in Kerr County emphasize that technology alone is insufficient unless residents and visitors are trained and informed about how to use these warning systems during emergencies.
How visitors heading to New Braunfels rivers can prepare this Fourth of July weekend
Read full article: How visitors heading to New Braunfels rivers can prepare this Fourth of July weekendThe Guadalupe and Comal Rivers both run through New Braunfels and are popular summer attractions for tubers beating the heat. Friday and Saturday are expected to be the busiest days of the three-day weekend.
Boerne firefighters share harrowing Fourth of July flood rescue stories
Read full article: Boerne firefighters share harrowing Fourth of July flood rescue storiesFirst responders who helped carry out rescues and recovery efforts in the Fourth of July floods are now opening up about what they experienced.
One year after the July 4 flood, Kerr County shows signs of trauma and healing
Read full article: One year after the July 4 flood, Kerr County shows signs of trauma and healingCrider’s dance hall is back. Homes are rebuilt. Kids swim in the river. But there’s also deep grief after the river killed 119 people and traumatized more.
Kerr County to discuss flood warning improvements ahead of one-year mark of Guadalupe River flood
Read full article: Kerr County to discuss flood warning improvements ahead of one-year mark of Guadalupe River floodKerr County commissioners discussed flood warning system agreements during a Tuesday morning meeting, weeks after the county became the first in Texas to install and test new state-funded flash flood warning sirens and sensors under Senate Bill 3.
Camp Mystic files for bankruptcy almost a year after catastrophic floods killed 28
Read full article: Camp Mystic files for bankruptcy almost a year after catastrophic floods killed 28Camp Mystic has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization. Attorneys representing families of the Mystic campers who died said this will delay lawsuits against the camp.
Texas Monthly writer shares how ‘survival changes you’ after being swept away in Hill Country floods
Read full article: Texas Monthly writer shares how ‘survival changes you’ after being swept away in Hill Country floodsAaron Parsley, a senior editor at Texas Monthly, was among the many along the Guadalupe River who were thrust into catastrophe when floodwaters tore apart homes and carried people downstream.
US Coast Guard rescue swimmer during Hill Country flooding to receive Pat Tillman Award at ESPYs
Read full article: US Coast Guard rescue swimmer during Hill Country flooding to receive Pat Tillman Award at ESPYsA member of the U.S. Coast Guard, who was among the many who responded to the deadly July 4 flooding in the Hill Country, is set to be recognized at next month’s ESPYs.
Body found in Guadalupe River identified as former New Braunfels councilwoman, police say
Read full article: Body found in Guadalupe River identified as former New Braunfels councilwoman, police sayThe body found in the Guadalupe River last week was identified as former New Braunfels councilwoman Juliet Elizabeth Watson, the New Braunfels Police Department said Monday.
Nonprofits team up to restore Guadalupe River after deadly Fourth of July floods
Read full article: Nonprofits team up to restore Guadalupe River after deadly Fourth of July floodsDuring the floods on the Fourth of July last year, experts say the Guadalupe River lost as much as half of the overall green material in the riparian area.
Volunteer dive teams prepare Guadalupe River for summer visitors
Read full article: Volunteer dive teams prepare Guadalupe River for summer visitorsFor the past 10 months, there’s been a partnership between community members, nonprofits and volunteers to help clean up the Guadalupe River after the deadly floods on July 4, 2025.
Jellystone Park on Guadalupe River reopens riverfront after devastating Hill Country floods
Read full article: Jellystone Park on Guadalupe River reopens riverfront after devastating Hill Country floodsJellystone Park on the Guadalupe River has reopened its riverfront after last summer’s devastating floods tore through the Hill Country.
Upper Guadalupe River Authority prepares to install river warning sirens
Read full article: Upper Guadalupe River Authority prepares to install river warning sirensAudibility varies by conditions; the manufacturer estimates up to about a 1-mile radius. Sirens activate via National Weather Service flood warnings or manually by Kerr County emergency management.
What led up to Camp Mystic shutting down for the summer
Read full article: What led up to Camp Mystic shutting down for the summerCamp Mystic planned to reopen this summer at its Cypress Lake location a half-mile away from the Guadalupe River location, but the Eastland family elected to not renew its camp license application on Thursday.
Camp Mystic won’t reopen this summer, withdraws its application to renew license
Read full article: Camp Mystic won’t reopen this summer, withdraws its application to renew licenseCamp Mystic withdrew an application to renew its license on Thursday, following two days of emotional testimony at the Texas Capitol.
San Antonio mother of Camp Mystic camper killed during Hill Country floods testifies
Read full article: San Antonio mother of Camp Mystic camper killed during Hill Country floods testifiesAfter nine hours of emotional testimony from parents affected by the Hill Country floods, one mother from San Antonio testified in front of Texas State lawmakers inside the state Capitol on Tuesday, criticizing Camp Mystic’s directors.
Camp Mystic director offers tearful apology to victims' families during legislative hearing
Read full article: Camp Mystic director offers tearful apology to victims' families during legislative hearingOne of the directors of Camp Mystic has offered a tearful apology to the families of the 25 girls and two teen counselors killed in the 2025 Texas flood.
Texas Senator suggests Camp Mystic reopen without Eastland family
Read full article: Texas Senator suggests Camp Mystic reopen without Eastland familyA state lawmaker suggested a scenario in which Camp Mystic could open, but without the Eastland family involved in running the business during the second open meeting on Tuesday in Austin.
Foundation announces $14M for park and river restoration along Guadalupe River
Read full article: Foundation announces $14M for park and river restoration along Guadalupe RiverThe Community Foundation of the Texas Hill Country announced $14 million worth of grants on Thursday to a variety of projects to restore areas along the Guadalupe River.
Amid license review, Camp Mystic being investigated by Texas Rangers and state health officials
Read full article: Amid license review, Camp Mystic being investigated by Texas Rangers and state health officialsCamp Mystic filed to renew its license in March. Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick has repeatedly urged state officials to reject the application.
Kerr County emergency management coordinator to retire after scrutiny from July 4 flood response
Read full article: Kerr County emergency management coordinator to retire after scrutiny from July 4 flood responseWilliam B. “Dub” Thomas is set to retire after 11 years as Kerr County’s emergency management coordinator.
Water returns to Lake McQueeney, Lake Placid after years of repair
Read full article: Water returns to Lake McQueeney, Lake Placid after years of repairWater is flowing again into Lake McQueeney, marking a major milestone in the long-awaited restoration of two popular Guadalupe River lakes that have sat largely empty for years due to aging dam failures.
Camp Mystic can’t alter flood-damaged area while civil suit proceeds, judge rules
Read full article: Camp Mystic can’t alter flood-damaged area while civil suit proceeds, judge rulesCabins, grounds and other buildings hit by the July 4 flood on the Guadalupe River cannot be renovated or removed, according to the order.
Texas judge orders Camp Mystic to preserve damaged grounds hit by last year's deadly flood
Read full article: Texas judge orders Camp Mystic to preserve damaged grounds hit by last year's deadly floodA Texas judge has ordered Camp Mystic to preserve damaged cabins and other parts of the grounds hit by last year’s catastrophic flood that swept away and killed 25 girls and two counselors.
Dan Patrick seeks to block Camp Mystic’s summer reopening pending inquiry into July 4 flood deaths
Read full article: Dan Patrick seeks to block Camp Mystic’s summer reopening pending inquiry into July 4 flood deathsThe lieutenant governor’s request to delay renewing the camp’s license came hours after parents who lost children in the July 4 flood sued the state for its alleged failure to enforce an evacuation plan requirement.
Private landowners to install flood alert tower to help connect towers at Guadalupe River camps
Read full article: Private landowners to install flood alert tower to help connect towers at Guadalupe River campsPrivate landowners are stepping up to connect the dots between flood alert towers at the summer camps along the Guadalupe River.
“A disaster waiting to happen”: How the fracking boom put an oil field in the Guadalupe River floodplain
Read full article: “A disaster waiting to happen”: How the fracking boom put an oil field in the Guadalupe River floodplainLack of a state floodplain policy enabled oil companies to build in parts of Texas hit by an epic inundation less than 30 years ago.
Family of child missing after floods in Texas Hill Country files lawsuit against Camp Mystic
Read full article: Family of child missing after floods in Texas Hill Country files lawsuit against Camp MysticThe family of Cecilia “Cile” Steward, the only child still missing after the deadly flood at Camp Mystic, has filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the camp.
Boerne woman reunites belongings swept away by Hill Country floods with Australian camp counselor
Read full article: Boerne woman reunites belongings swept away by Hill Country floods with Australian camp counselorTeri Hauger said she and her team discovered a purple suitcase belonging to a girl who was working as a camp counselor at Heart O’ The Hills.
WATCH: KSAT’s full coverage of wintry weather in San Antonio, Hill Country
Read full article: WATCH: KSAT’s full coverage of wintry weather in San Antonio, Hill CountryKSAT is providing the latest on weather, traffic, power outages and more in and around San Antonio during this weekend’s wintry weather.
Parents of girl killed in July 4 floods share story of grief, unexpected friendship with ex-Navy SEAL
Read full article: Parents of girl killed in July 4 floods share story of grief, unexpected friendship with ex-Navy SEALFor the first time, the parents of 8-year-old Kellyanne Lytal, who died in the floodwaters at Camp Mystic, are sharing their story.
From Hill Country flooding to Bexar County wildfires, here are the Top 5 weather events of 2025
Read full article: From Hill Country flooding to Bexar County wildfires, here are the Top 5 weather events of 2025Another year came and went in the blink of an eye. 2025 was memorable for many reasons, including heavy rainfall, a worsening drought, beautiful Northern Lights displays and even more snow.
Kerrville landowner plans monument to honor volunteers who aided during deadly July 4 floods
Read full article: Kerrville landowner plans monument to honor volunteers who aided during deadly July 4 floodsAlong the Guadalupe River, one man is trying to turn a piece of land into a place of remembrance.
‘A no-brainer’: Hill Country camps add flood-warning towers months after deadly July 4 floods
Read full article: ‘A no-brainer’: Hill Country camps add flood-warning towers months after deadly July 4 floodsSeveral camps in the Hill Country are installing a potentially life-saving tool they hope never has to be used.
‘We’re not taking any chances’: Camp Mystic Cypress Lake director discusses new flood warning sirens
Read full article: ‘We’re not taking any chances’: Camp Mystic Cypress Lake director discusses new flood warning sirensBritt Eastland, the co-director of Camp Mystic Cypress Lake in Hunt, spoke to KSAT about why the camp is taking extra safety precautions following the deadly Hill Country floods on July 4, 2025.
‘We’re not taking any chances’: Camp Mystic Cypress Lake director discusses new flood warning sirens
Read full article: ‘We’re not taking any chances’: Camp Mystic Cypress Lake director discusses new flood warning sirensBritt Eastland, the co-director of Camp Mystic Cypress Lake in Hunt, spoke to KSAT about why the camp is taking extra safety precautions following the deadly Hill Country floods on July 4, 2025.
Flood recovery slow in Kerr County despite $100M raised by Texas Hill Country foundation, residents say
Read full article: Flood recovery slow in Kerr County despite $100M raised by Texas Hill Country foundation, residents sayNearly six months after the July 4 flood that swamped parts of Kerr County, families and business owners say recovery is moving too slowly, even after the Community Foundation of the Texas Hill Country announced it had raised $100 million from donors around the world.
Families sue Camp Mystic over deadly Hill Country floods that killed 27 campers, counselors
Read full article: Families sue Camp Mystic over deadly Hill Country floods that killed 27 campers, counselorsThe families of five campers and two counselors who died during the Hill Country floods have filed a lawsuit against Camp Mystic and its owners, alleging “gross negligence and reckless disregard for safety,” according to the lawsuit.
Heart O’ the Hills summer camp moving away from Guadalupe River after July 4 flood
Read full article: Heart O’ the Hills summer camp moving away from Guadalupe River after July 4 floodHeart O’ the Hills Camp for Girls will construct new facilities out of the Guadalupe River floodplain, according to its new operators Elisabeth and John Hay.
Texas Game Wardens to adapt K-9 training after Hill Country floods as search for missing continues
Read full article: Texas Game Wardens to adapt K-9 training after Hill Country floods as search for missing continuesTexas Game Wardens are incorporating lessons learned from the devastating Hill Country floods into their K-9 training programs, as the search for two missing people continues months after the disaster.
Invasive plant spreads after Hill Country floods; Guadalupe bass, native species hold steady
Read full article: Invasive plant spreads after Hill Country floods; Guadalupe bass, native species hold steadyFour months after major flooding in the Hill Country, the Texas Parks & Wildlife Department began a year-long fish recovery and habitat survey in October on the Guadalupe, Llano, Nueces, Pedernales, and San Saba rivers.
Nonprofit helps damaged home get lifted out of floodplain in Center Point
Read full article: Nonprofit helps damaged home get lifted out of floodplain in Center PointThere’s a new path forward for Mike Blackledge, whose Center Point home had the Guadalupe River rush through it on the morning of July 4th.
Texas A&M study in Kerr County to potentially address flood impacts, improvements, commissioners say
Read full article: Texas A&M study in Kerr County to potentially address flood impacts, improvements, commissioners sayKerr County commissioners met on Monday to discuss several community-related topics, including a new study regarding flood impacts.
Kerrville officials plan to remove crosswalk paintings in accordance with Gov. Abbott directive
Read full article: Kerrville officials plan to remove crosswalk paintings in accordance with Gov. Abbott directiveThe City of Kerrville said it is working to remove crosswalk art from three well-trafficked intersections after Governor Greg Abbott threatened to withhold funding from any Texas city who doesn’t comply with the order.
Ingram community celebrates surprise birthday for local hero
Read full article: Ingram community celebrates surprise birthday for local heroCommunity members in Ingram wanted to show their neighbor their appreciation on Saturday to celebrate his birthday and express their gratitude for the help he has provided to the community after the flood.
New legislative panels will investigate “facts and circumstances” of deadly Central Texas floods
Read full article: New legislative panels will investigate “facts and circumstances” of deadly Central Texas floodsLt. Gov. Dan Patrick said Camp Mystic leaders would be invited to testify before the committees, as part of what Speaker Dustin Burrows said would be a “comprehensive and thorough review.”
After months of flood recovery, Kerrville’s River Trail partially reopens for first time
Read full article: After months of flood recovery, Kerrville’s River Trail partially reopens for first timeThe stretch of the River Trail between the Camp Meeting Creek bridge and the Francisco Lemos Street bridge is now open for the first time since the deadly Fourth of July flood in Kerrville.
Owners of popular Kerrville restaurant ravaged by July 4 flooding announce permanent closure
Read full article: Owners of popular Kerrville restaurant ravaged by July 4 flooding announce permanent closure1011 Bistro co-owner Tomas Valdes said his Kerrville restaurant, which has been open since 2012, is set to close permanently.
“Unthinkable”: Camp Mystic parents condemn reopening plans after devastating floods
Read full article: “Unthinkable”: Camp Mystic parents condemn reopening plans after devastating floodsThe family of the only girl who remains missing after the July 4 flood wants a halt to all discussions of reopening and memorials to the 27 campers and staff who were killed.
Whataburger raises more than $1.7 million for 9 nonprofits aiding Hill Country flood recovery
Read full article: Whataburger raises more than $1.7 million for 9 nonprofits aiding Hill Country flood recoveryWhataburger announced Tuesday that more than $1 million was raised through a fundraiser to support communities affected by the devastating Hill Country floods.
Texas Game Warden air rescue team instrumental in Hill Country flood response
Read full article: Texas Game Warden air rescue team instrumental in Hill Country flood responseDozens of rescue teams responded to the call for help after the July 4 flooding in Kerr County, including officers from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department’s (TPWD) Game Wardens and the specialized air team.
Kerrville City Council approved new budget, property tax rate still to be decided
Read full article: Kerrville City Council approved new budget, property tax rate still to be decidedThe Kerrville City Council approved its fiscal year 2026 budget on Tuesday night, but one big question remains unanswered: Will the property tax rate increase in Kerrville?
Kerr County budget approved with $11 million shortfall, tax rate cut
Read full article: Kerr County budget approved with $11 million shortfall, tax rate cutThe Kerr County Commissioners’ Court approved its new budget and lowered the property tax rate, capping off a prolonged debate following deadly flooding in July.
Kerr County leaders to appoint new emergency services district board members, adopt tax rate
Read full article: Kerr County leaders to appoint new emergency services district board members, adopt tax rateCommissioner Don Harris placed two action items on the agenda regarding the replacement of the President and Treasurer of Emergency Services District #4.
Hill Country residents want safety, local economy balanced with implementation of camp flood safety laws
Read full article: Hill Country residents want safety, local economy balanced with implementation of camp flood safety lawsThe measures intended to make camps safer are also raising concerns about potential economic consequences to the Hill Country.
Gov. Greg Abbott signs camp safety bills into law, surrounded by Camp Mystic families
Read full article: Gov. Greg Abbott signs camp safety bills into law, surrounded by Camp Mystic familiesJoined by a throng of lawmakers and the families of flood victims from Camp Mystic, Texas Governor Greg Abbott signed three flood and camp safety bills into law.
Gov. Greg Abbott to sign camp safety bills into law in response to deadly July 4 flooding
Read full article: Gov. Greg Abbott to sign camp safety bills into law in response to deadly July 4 floodingTexas Governor Greg Abbott will sign two camp safety bills into law on Friday morning in Austin in response to the deadly July flooding.
Canyon Lake Reservoir continues its history of protecting communities downstream of the Guadalupe River
Read full article: Canyon Lake Reservoir continues its history of protecting communities downstream of the Guadalupe RiverLocated about 20 miles from New Braunfels, Canyon Lake is known as a popular spot for water recreation. But in July, its vital role in flood control was highlighted as the reservoir helped to keep the Guadalupe River from flooding communities downstream.
Camp safety bills pass Texas Legislature, requiring updates to flood emergency preparedness
Read full article: Camp safety bills pass Texas Legislature, requiring updates to flood emergency preparednessTwo months after the Hill Country floods, two pieces of state legislation outlining new safety requirements for summer camps is headed to Governor Greg Abbott’s desk for his signature
Gov. Greg Abbott, AT&T officials distribute over 200 laptops during Kerr County giveaway
Read full article: Gov. Greg Abbott, AT&T officials distribute over 200 laptops during Kerr County giveawayTexas Governor Greg Abbott and First Lady Cecilia Abbott joined AT&T officials to give away more than 200 laptops to Center Point Independent School District students on Thursday.
Bill overhauling disaster emergency response misses final approval in Texas Senate
Read full article: Bill overhauling disaster emergency response misses final approval in Texas SenateBoth legislative chambers adjourned without agreeing on changes to Senate Bill 2, which aimed to create new training and licensing requirements for local officials.
After hack, ‘Found on the Guadalupe River’ Facebook page back up and running
Read full article: After hack, ‘Found on the Guadalupe River’ Facebook page back up and runningWith a new month came a new challenge for Persyn and her team. She said she was messaging a mother of a Camp Mystic camper about tracking down a lost possession. Suddenly, her activity of the page stopped.
‘Just don’t forget’: Comfort flood survivors expect long recovery after July 4 flooding
Read full article: ‘Just don’t forget’: Comfort flood survivors expect long recovery after July 4 floodingOn July 4, Barbara and C. Daniel Zoeller’s peaceful yard in Comfort was flooded with water from the Guadalupe River below them. Barbara thought they were prepared, but no one was ready for the fast-rising water.
‘We’ll just do theater anywhere’: Performances continue at Hill Country Arts Foundation after July floods
Read full article: ‘We’ll just do theater anywhere’: Performances continue at Hill Country Arts Foundation after July floodsThe Hill Country Arts Foundation continues to present plays, finding new spaces for the community to enjoy art after the devastating July 4 flooding.